Strategies to build your child’s working memory

Working memory is defined as “memory that involves storing, focusing attention on, and manipulating information for a short period of time” (Merriam-Webster). It is an executive function that plays a big role in how we process, use and remember information on a daily basis.  

Working memory helps children hold on to information long enough to use it. Put simply, working memory is what helps children remember homework directions long enough to complete the work. It allows them to problem solve when they encounter tricky math homework or a word they do not understand when reading. It helps children recognize when a draft of a writing assignment needs correcting. Children who lack working memory might have a range of difficulties in school, including:  

• Poor memorization skills 

• Difficulty paying attention in class 

• Difficulty staying organized  

• Struggles with completing math calculations in their heads 

• Lots of mistakes in writing (difficulty retaining and remembering grammar rules)  

• Difficulty working independently/easily distracted  

• Often unable to answer questions correctly or thoughtfully when called on in class 

• Often unable to follow multi-step directions 

Working memory plays an important role in concentration and following instructions. You can help your child improve it with brain-boosting exercises and other memory improvement strategies. Here are some easy ways to do so:  

Make sure your child gets sufficient sleep. Children might roll their eyes at the “get more sleep” suggestion, but the research doesn’t lie: sleep accelerates the improvement in working memory performance. A good night of sleep will help your child improve the memory and increase focus, among many other important benefits.  

Play games. Certain games help children improve working memory because they require them to keep track of moves of their opponents and recall information quickly. The Uno card game requires players to follow and understand instructions to match cards by color, number or symbol. The game Simon has players memorize and repeat a visual color pattern. The game Simon Says helps children improve following auditory instructions and can be played with friends.  

Break down bigger tasks. Have your child break down complex, detailed assignments into smaller steps. They should write tasks down and keep their to-do lists visible. To strengthen working memory, encourage your child to use tools like graphic organizers, visual maps and checklists when doing homework. 

Working memory is one of the most essential functions students need—and integral for the cognitive abilities that fuel school success. The capacity to remember and recall information is crucial to many learning activities in the classroom and beyond.